![]() From the perspective of service users, this would include communities most vulnerable to disasters contributing to the information system. Successful impact-based forecasting requires collaboration with others who have the additional necessary expertise, resources and knowledge (such as demographic data, crowd-sourcing techniques, geographical information systems (GISs), interoperability, and third-party data integration and usage) to deliver impact services that NMHSs cannot do on their own. Improving the understanding of the potential impacts of severe hydrometeorological events poses a challenge to NMHSs and their partner agencies, particularly disaster reduction and civil protection agencies. Progressing from weather forecasts and warnings to multi-hazard impact-based forecast and warning services represents a paradigm shift in service delivery for many NMHSs. This is essential to ensure access to the best possible science, and the optimum services, to manage multi-hazard events today, and to provide the best possible evidence base on which to make the costly decisions on infrastructure needed to protect the population in the future as climate changes. ![]() Tackling this problem will require a multidisciplinary and highly integrated and focused endeavour. If this gap is to be closed, then an all-encompassing approach to observing, modelling and predicting severe hydrometeorological events, and the consequent cascade of hazards through to impacts, needs to be developed. It is no longer enough to provide a good weather forecast or warning – people are now demanding information about what to do to ensure their safety and protect their property. Put simply, while there is a realization of what the weather might be, there is frequently a lack of understanding of what the weather might do. The reasons for this apparent disconnect lie in the gap between forecasts and warnings of hydrometeorological events and an understanding of their potential impacts, both by the authorities responsible for civil protection/emergency management and by the population at large. All this happens in spite of the fact that many of these severe events have been well forecast, with accurate warning information disseminated in a timely fashion by the responsible National Meteorological and Hydrological Service (NMHS). The Centres provide, in real-time, advisory information and guidance to the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services.Įach year the impacts of tropical cyclones and other weather, climate and water extremes around the Earth give rise to multiple casualties and significant damage to property and infrastructure, with adverse economic consequences for communities that can persist for many years. Their role is to detect, monitor, track and forecast all tropical cyclones in their respective regions. The Regional Specialized Meteorological Centres with the activity specialization in tropical cyclones, and Tropical Cyclone Warning Centres, all designated by WMO, are functioning within the Organization’s Tropical Cyclone Programme. The activities are coordinated at the global and regional levels by WMO through its Tropical Cyclone Programme. As a result of international cooperation and coordination, tropical cyclones are increasingly being monitored from their early stages of formation. The WMO framework allows the timely and widespread dissemination of information about tropical cyclones. Among these, a little more than half (45) become tropical cyclone/hurricane/typhoon. The WMO Tropical Cyclone Programme provides information on these hazards and the WMO Severe Weather Information Centre provides real-time tropical cyclone advisories. Official warnings are then issued by the National Meteorological Services of the countries concerned.Ībout 85 tropical storms form annually over the warm tropical oceans of the globe. However, meteorologists use state-of-art technologies and develop modern techniques such as numerical weather prediction models to forecast how a tropical cyclone evolves, including its movement and change of intensity when and where one will hit land and at what speed. ![]() Tropical cyclones may be difficult to forecast, as they can suddenly weaken or change their course. Meteorologists around the world use modern technology, such as satellites, weather radars and computers, to track tropical cyclones as they develop.
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